empyema necessitans
Greener Pasture: Fundamentals of Nursing
The nurse should place a patient who has a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube in semi-Fowler position. The nurse can elicit Trousseau's sign by occluding the brachial or radial artery. Hand and finger spasms that occur during occlusion indicate ...
Ethics In The Surgical Intensive Care Unit
102 ETHICS IN THE SURGICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Ricardo J. Gonzalez M.D.
1. What are the four principles of medical ethics?
1. Beneficence describes the active role of doing good by intervention.
2. Nonmaleficence is equivalent to saying, “First do no harm.”
3. Autonomy accounts for informed consent, competence, and the patient’s right to refuse treatment and to know what’s going on.
4. Justice means that all patients should receive fair and equal care but that one patient’s care should not squander limited resources for others.
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Risks Of Bloodborne Disease
101 RISKS OF BLOODBORNE DISEASE
Caesar M. Ursic M.D., Doru I. E. Georgescu M.D.
1. What infectious diseases are transmissible via blood transfusion?
Can Health Care Be Reformed?
100 CAN HEALTH CARE BE REFORMED?
Alden H. Harken M.D.
1. Is health care reform an oxymoron?
Show answer
Yes.
2. What is fee for service?
Show answer
The doctor establishes the price, and the patient agrees to pay it. This traditional system of exchange has great merit if both parties understand the value of the service provided. If either party (usually the patient) cannot estimate the service value, it is possible (even likely) that the doctor will honestly escalate the service value in a fashion unchecked by the patient’s perceptions. Thus, in a fee-for-service system, medical prices tend to increase.
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Pediatric Urology
99 PEDIATRIC UROLOGY
Kirstan K. Meldrum M.D., Mark P. Cain M.D.
1. A healthy 3-year-old girl develops a urinary tract infection (UTI). How should she be evaluated?
Show answer
After treatment of the infection, the patient should undergo a urinary tract evaluation (this recommendation stands even in a little girl after only one UTI). Evaluation includes a renal-bladder sonogram and voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). Approximately 50% of children younger than age 12 years who present with a UTI are found to have abnormalities of the genitourinary tract. The most common abnormalities identified are vesicoureteral reflux, obstructive uropathies, and neurogenic bladder.
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Urodynamics & Voiding Dysfunction
98 URODYNAMICS AND VOIDING DYSFUNCTION
Firouz Daneshgari M.D.
1. What is urodynamics?
Show answer
Urodynamic studies assess the functional aspects of the storage and emptying ability of the lower urinary tract (LUT). The principles of urodynamic studies originated from hydrodynamics. The components of urodynamic studies are cystometrogram, leak point pressures, urethral profile pressures, pressure-flow studies, uroflowmetry, and electromyography. These studies have evolved into videourodynamics with the addition of fluoroscopy (i.e., video).
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Heart Transplantation
91 HEART TRANSPLANTATION
Daniel R. Meldrum M.D., Azad Raiesdana M.D., Jeffrey A. Breall M.D., John W. Brown M.D.
1. Who performed the first experimental heart-lung transplant?
Show answer
Alexis Carrel, a French-born American surgeon, developed the vascular techniques required for heart-lung transplantation and performed the first experimental heart-lung transplant in 1907. He transplanted the lungs, heart, aorta, and vena cava of a 1-week-old cat into the neck of a large adult cat. For devising the technique of vascular anastomosis and other outstanding accomplishments, Carrel received the Nobel Prize in 1912 (the first Nobel Prize awarded to a scientist working in an American laboratory).
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Urinary Calculus Disease. Bonus Questions
BONUS QUESTIONS
11. Is there any type of stone that cannot be seen on helical CT scan?
Show answer
Patients taking indinavir sulfate (Crixivan) for HIV infection can form stones from the crystals of the medication; these stones are not seen on CT scan.
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Prostate Cancer
97 PROSTATE CANCER
Brett B. Abernathy M.D.
1. How common is prostate cancer?
Show answer
It is the most common malignancy diagnosed in men in the United States; almost 200,000 new cases were diagnosed in 2001.
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Bladder Cancer. Bonus Questions
BONUS QUESTIONS
13. In certain countries, TCC is not the predominant form of bladder cancer. What is the predominant histologic type? Why?
Show answer
In countries such as Egypt, where schistosomiasis is endemic, squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder is common.
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Bladder Cancer
96 BLADDER CANCER
Brett B. Abernathy M.D.
1. How common is bladder cancer?
Show answer
Approximately 54,300 new cases of bladder cancer were diagnosed in 2001 in the United States, and 12,400 patients died. The male-to-female ratio is almost 3:1.
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Renal Cell Carcinoma. Bonus Question
BONUS QUESTION
9. What is Stauffer’s syndrome? Show answer
It is diagnosed with elevated liver function tests (LFTs) in the presence of renal cell carcinoma that normalize after nephrectomy and tumor removal. It is thought to be a type of paraneoplastic syndrome.
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Renal Cell Carcinoma
95 RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
Brett B. Abernathy M.D.
1. How common is renal cell carcinoma?
Show answer
In the United States, 30,000 new cases of renal cell carcinoma are predicted for 2004 and 2005, about 3% of all adult malignancies.
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Urinary Calculus Disease
94 URINARY CALCULUS DISEASE
Bretat B. Abernathy M.D.
1. What are the most common types of urinary stones found in North America?
Show answer
* Calcium stones (calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, or mixed calcium stones): 70%.
* Struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate stones, often associated with infection: 20%.
* Uric acid stones (radiolucent): 5%
* Cystine stones, often with a genetic association: 5% Read more
Surgical Approach To Infertility
93 THE SURGICAL APPROACH TO INFERTILITY
Randall B. Meacham M.D., Alex J. Vanni
1. How common a problem is infertility?
Show answer
Infertility is the inability to establish a pregnancy during 1 year of well-timed intercourse. This affects 15% of all couples in the United States. In 50% of such couples, the woman is responsible; in 30% of couples, a male factor prevents pregnancy; and in 20% of couples, it is a combination of both.
Lung Transplantation
92 LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
Daniel R. Meldrum M.D., Azad Raiesdana M.D., Jeffrey A. Breall M.D., John W. Brown M.D.
1. What are the general types of lung transplants?
Show answer
Single, double (bilateral), and heart-lung.
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Abernathy’s Surgical Secrets, Updated Edition (Book w / Student Consult)
Author / s: Harken Alden H., Abernathy Charles, Moore Ernest Eugene
Year: 2004
Pages: 473
Publishers: Elsevier Mosby; 5th Bk & Acc edition
ISBN: 0323034160
