Congenital Cysts & Sinuses Of The Neck
88 CONGENITAL CYSTS AND SINUSES OF THE NECK
Frederick M. Karrer M.D., Denis D. Bensard M.D.
1. What are branchial cleft anomalies?
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Cysts, sinuses, and fistulas that result from incomplete obliteration of the first, second, or third branchial clefts, and are present in early fetal development.
Abdominal Tumors. Controversy
CONTROVERSY
6. Should patients with hepatoblastoma receive preoperative chemotherapy to shrink the tumors?
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
86 CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA
Denis D. Bensard M.D., Richard J. Hendrickson M.D.
1. What is the most common type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)?
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Congenital abnormalities of the diaphragm include a posterolateral defect (Bochdalek hernia), an anteromedial defect (Morgagni hernia), or the eventration (central weakening) of the diaphragm. The Bochdalek hernia is the most common variant and generally occurs on the left (80%). Approximately 20% occur on the right, and < 1% are bilateral.
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Tracheoesophageal Malformations
85 TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL MALFORMATIONS
Denis D. Bensard M.D., David A. Partrick M.D.
1. What are tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and esophageal atresia (EA)?
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The trachea and esophagus appear as a ventral diverticulum arising from the primitive foregut during the third week of gestation. The trachea and esophagus undergo separation by the ingrowth of ectodermal ridges during the fourth week of gestation. Failure of separation results in anomalous connection of the trachea to the esophagus (i.e., TEF) with or without incomplete formation of the esophagus (i.e., EA).
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Imperforate Anus
84 IMPERFORATE ANUS
Frederick M. Karrer M.D., Denis D. Bensard M.D.
1. What is imperforate anus?
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It is a congenital defect in which the opening of the anus is absent or misplaced, usually fistulizing anteriorly to the perineum or genitourinary (GU) tract. Anorectal malformations range from slight anterior malpositioning of the anus to complex cloacal deformities. Children with anorectal malformations commonly have other congenital anomalies, such as the VACTERL association.
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Intestinal Obstruction Of Neonates & Infants
83 INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION OF NEONATES AND INFANTS
Richard J. Hendrickson M.D., Denis D. Bensard M.D.
1. What signs or symptoms suggest intestinal obstruction in the neonate?
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Signs and symptoms vary according to the level of obstruction. Proximal intestinal obstruction leads to the early onset of bilious emesis, generally with minimal abdominal distention. In contrast, neonates with distal intestinal obstruction present after the first day of life with bilious vomiting and pronounced abdominal distention. Bilious emesis should always be interrogated further in infants and children.
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Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
82 HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS
Denis D. Bensard M.D.
1. What is pyloric stenosis?
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Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is idiopathic thickening and elongation of the pylorus that produces gastric outlet obstruction. HPS is the most common surgical cause of nonbilious vomiting in infants. Offspring of an affected parent have an increased incidence of HPS (10%); the highest rate (20%) occurs in boys born to affected mothers.
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Abernathy’s Surgical Secrets, Updated Edition (Book w / Student Consult)
Author / s: Harken Alden H., Abernathy Charles, Moore Ernest Eugene
Year: 2004
Pages: 473
Publishers: Elsevier Mosby; 5th Bk & Acc edition
ISBN: 0323034160
