Pediatric Urology
99 PEDIATRIC UROLOGY
Kirstan K. Meldrum M.D., Mark P. Cain M.D.
1. A healthy 3-year-old girl develops a urinary tract infection (UTI). How should she be evaluated?
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After treatment of the infection, the patient should undergo a urinary tract evaluation (this recommendation stands even in a little girl after only one UTI). Evaluation includes a renal-bladder sonogram and voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). Approximately 50% of children younger than age 12 years who present with a UTI are found to have abnormalities of the genitourinary tract. The most common abnormalities identified are vesicoureteral reflux, obstructive uropathies, and neurogenic bladder.
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Urodynamics & Voiding Dysfunction
98 URODYNAMICS AND VOIDING DYSFUNCTION
Firouz Daneshgari M.D.
1. What is urodynamics?
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Urodynamic studies assess the functional aspects of the storage and emptying ability of the lower urinary tract (LUT). The principles of urodynamic studies originated from hydrodynamics. The components of urodynamic studies are cystometrogram, leak point pressures, urethral profile pressures, pressure-flow studies, uroflowmetry, and electromyography. These studies have evolved into videourodynamics with the addition of fluoroscopy (i.e., video).
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Urinary Calculus Disease. Bonus Questions
BONUS QUESTIONS
11. Is there any type of stone that cannot be seen on helical CT scan?
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Patients taking indinavir sulfate (Crixivan) for HIV infection can form stones from the crystals of the medication; these stones are not seen on CT scan.
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Prostate Cancer
97 PROSTATE CANCER
Brett B. Abernathy M.D.
1. How common is prostate cancer?
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It is the most common malignancy diagnosed in men in the United States; almost 200,000 new cases were diagnosed in 2001.
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Bladder Cancer. Bonus Questions
BONUS QUESTIONS
13. In certain countries, TCC is not the predominant form of bladder cancer. What is the predominant histologic type? Why?
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In countries such as Egypt, where schistosomiasis is endemic, squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder is common.
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Bladder Cancer
96 BLADDER CANCER
Brett B. Abernathy M.D.
1. How common is bladder cancer?
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Approximately 54,300 new cases of bladder cancer were diagnosed in 2001 in the United States, and 12,400 patients died. The male-to-female ratio is almost 3:1.
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Renal Cell Carcinoma. Bonus Question
BONUS QUESTION
9. What is Stauffer’s syndrome? Show answer
It is diagnosed with elevated liver function tests (LFTs) in the presence of renal cell carcinoma that normalize after nephrectomy and tumor removal. It is thought to be a type of paraneoplastic syndrome.
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Renal Cell Carcinoma
95 RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
Brett B. Abernathy M.D.
1. How common is renal cell carcinoma?
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In the United States, 30,000 new cases of renal cell carcinoma are predicted for 2004 and 2005, about 3% of all adult malignancies.
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Urinary Calculus Disease
94 URINARY CALCULUS DISEASE
Bretat B. Abernathy M.D.
1. What are the most common types of urinary stones found in North America?
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* Calcium stones (calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, or mixed calcium stones): 70%.
* Struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate stones, often associated with infection: 20%.
* Uric acid stones (radiolucent): 5%
* Cystine stones, often with a genetic association: 5% Read more
Surgical Approach To Infertility
93 THE SURGICAL APPROACH TO INFERTILITY
Randall B. Meacham M.D., Alex J. Vanni
1. How common a problem is infertility?
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Infertility is the inability to establish a pregnancy during 1 year of well-timed intercourse. This affects 15% of all couples in the United States. In 50% of such couples, the woman is responsible; in 30% of couples, a male factor prevents pregnancy; and in 20% of couples, it is a combination of both.
Abernathy’s Surgical Secrets, Updated Edition (Book w / Student Consult)
Author / s: Harken Alden H., Abernathy Charles, Moore Ernest Eugene
Year: 2004
Pages: 473
Publishers: Elsevier Mosby; 5th Bk & Acc edition
ISBN: 0323034160
