July 13, 2009 | In: TRANSPLANTATION
CONTROVERSIES 13. Is HLA (human leukocyte) matching still important? Show answer It is somewhat important. Historically, HLA matching was an important consideration when matching cadaver kidneys to recipients. With today's improved...
July 13, 2009 | In: TRANSPLANTATION
90 KIDNEY AND PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION Thomas E. Bak M.D., Michael E. Wachs M.D., Igal Kam M.D. 1. What are the most common indications for kidney transplantation? Show answer End-stage renal disease (ESRD) caused by hypertension,...
July 13, 2009 | In: TRANSPLANTATION
CONTROVERSIES 12. Should liver transplants be performed in individuals with alcoholic liver disease? Show answer Transplant centers have strict criteria that alcohol-induced liver transplant recipients must undergo extensive psychological...
July 13, 2009 | In: TRANSPLANTATION
89 LIVER TRANSPLANTATION Thomas E. Bak M.D., Michael E. Wachs M.D., Igal Kam M.D. 1. When and where was the first liver transplant performed? Show answer Dr. Thomas Starzl performed the first operation on March 1, 1963, at the University of...
July 13, 2009 | In: PEDIATRIC SURGERY
88 CONGENITAL CYSTS AND SINUSES OF THE NECK Frederick M. Karrer M.D., Denis D. Bensard M.D. 1. What are branchial cleft anomalies? Show answer Cysts, sinuses, and fistulas that result from incomplete obliteration of the first, second, or...
July 13, 2009 | In: PEDIATRIC SURGERY
CONTROVERSY 6. Should patients with hepatoblastoma receive preoperative chemotherapy to shrink the tumors? Show answer Preoperative chemotherapy does shrink tumors, resulting in easier hepatic resection and lower surgical morbidity. This...
July 13, 2009 | In: ABDOMINAL SURGERY
87 ABDOMINAL TUMORS Frederick M. Karrer M.D., Denis D. Bensard M.D. 1. What are the most common malignant solid abdominal tumors in children? Show answer Neuroblastomas, Wilms' tumors, and hepatoblastomas, in that order. Neuroblastomas are...
July 11, 2009 | In: PEDIATRIC SURGERY
86 CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA Denis D. Bensard M.D., Richard J. Hendrickson M.D. 1. What is the most common type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)? Show answer Congenital abnormalities of the diaphragm include a posterolateral...
July 11, 2009 | In: PEDIATRIC SURGERY
85 TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL MALFORMATIONS Denis D. Bensard M.D., David A. Partrick M.D. 1. What are tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and esophageal atresia (EA)? Show answer The trachea and esophagus appear as a ventral diverticulum arising from...
July 11, 2009 | In: PEDIATRIC SURGERY
84 IMPERFORATE ANUS Frederick M. Karrer M.D., Denis D. Bensard M.D. 1. What is imperforate anus? Show answer It is a congenital defect in which the opening of the anus is absent or misplaced, usually fistulizing anteriorly to the perineum...
July 11, 2009 | In: PEDIATRIC SURGERY
83 INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION OF NEONATES AND INFANTS Richard J. Hendrickson M.D., Denis D. Bensard M.D. 1. What signs or symptoms suggest intestinal obstruction in the neonate? Show answer Signs and symptoms vary according to the level of...
July 11, 2009 | In: PEDIATRIC SURGERY
82 HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS Denis D. Bensard M.D. 1. What is pyloric stenosis? Show answer Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is idiopathic thickening and elongation of the pylorus that produces gastric outlet obstruction. HPS is the...
July 11, 2009 | In: CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY
CONTROVERSIES 13. Which is preferred: surgical or medical management of descending dissections? Show answer * Initial surgical managementApproximately 25% of patients initially treated medically need an operation eventually. *...
July 11, 2009 | In: CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY
81 DISSECTING AORTIC ANEURYSM Laurence H. Brinckerhoff M.D., David N. Campbell M.D. 1. Why is the term dissecting aortic aneurysm really incorrect? Show answer The correct term should be dissecting aortic hematoma because the lesion is not...
July 11, 2009 | In: CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY
80 SOLITARY PULMONARY NODULE Jamie M. Brown M.D., Marvin Pomerantz M.D. 1. What is a solitary pulmonary nodule? Show answer A solitary pulmonary nodule or "coin lesion" is < 3 cm and is discrete on chest radiograph. It is usually surrounded...