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Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostic Laboratory. Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease
PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASE
11. What is the primary test for diagnosis of lower extremity ischemia?
Show answer
The ankle brachial index (ABI) or systolic pressure ratio is normally greater than or equal to 1.0. Typically, Doppler ultrasound is used (instead of a stethoscope) as the flow sensor distal to the pressure cuff, but plethysmographic instruments also may be used. Doppler signals are usually monitored at the posterior tibial artery or dorsalis pedis artery.
Anorectal Disease. Hemorrhoids
HEMORRHOIDS
21. What are hemorrhoidal tissues, and what are their normal functions?
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Hemorrhoids are cushions of vascular tissue that contribute to anal continence and protect the sphincter mechanism during defecation. Hemorrhoids are not veins, but sinusoids. Bleeding originates from presinusoidal arterioles, thus explaining the bright red arterial color.
Basic Care Of Hand Injuries
34 BASIC CARE OF HAND INJURIES
Michael J.V. Gordon M.D., Lawrence L. Ketch M.D.
1. What are the goals of hand repair?
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Functional considerations override cosmesis in the treatment of hand trauma. There are no minor hand injuries. Initial diagnosis and management determine the final result; expert secondary repair cannot overcome primary errors in diagnosis or decision making.
