Queries 4

• solitary pulmonary nodule and lobectomy
• caput+medusae+cirrhosis
• what is a fissurotomy
• Anorectal pilonidal
• ileorectal anastomosis for diverticulosis
• penetrating trauma+gallbladder rupture incidence
• Sengstaken
• conn syndrome diastolic
• Abdominoperineal resection rectal trauma
• SURGICAL ANATOMY OF ANORECTAL CANAL in neonates

Mitral Stenosis. Bonus Question

BONUS QUESTION

19. What is the Lutembacher syndrome?

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Mitral stenosis associated with an atrial septal defect. This results in a left-to-right shunt and overworks the right ventricle.

What Is Pulmonary Insufficiency?

5 WHAT IS PULMONARY INSUFFICIENCY?
Alden H. Harken M.D.

1. What is pulmonary insufficiency?

how answer
The alveolar-capillary surface of the lung is the size of a singles tennis court. The purpose of the lung is to match alveolar ventilation (Va) to blood flow (Q). Mismatching leads to pulmonary insufficiency.

2. How is Va/Q mismatching characterized?

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Shunt: decreased ventilation relative to regional blood flow; pulmonary arterial (unoxygenated) blood “shunts” by hypoventilated alveoli
Dead space: decreased pulmonary regional blood flow relative to ventilation

Nutritional Assessment & Enteral Nutrition. Enteral Nutrition

ENTERAL NUTRITION

10. When should enteral nutrition be considered?

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Always, but especially when a patient is unlikely to meet > 70% of nutritional needs by mouth. Patients who have sustained major head injury (Glasgow Coma Scale score < 8), major torso trauma, major trauma to the pelvis and long bones, or major chest trauma benefit from enteral nutrition. Approximately 85% of postoperative patients (even those undergoing gastrointestinal [GI] surgery) tolerate early enteral feeding (within 24 hours).