Queries 4
- solitary pulmonary nodule and lobectomy
- caput+medusae+cirrhosis
- what is a fissurotomy
- Anorectal pilonidal
- ileorectal anastomosis for diverticulosis
- penetrating trauma+gallbladder rupture incidence
- Sengstaken
- conn syndrome diastolic
- Abdominoperineal resection rectal trauma
- SURGICAL ANATOMY OF ANORECTAL CANAL in neonates
What Does Postoperative Fever Mean?
10 WHAT DOES POSTOPERATIVE FEVER MEAN?
Alden H. Harken M.D.
1. What is a fever?
Show answer Normal core temperature varies between 36°C and 38°C. Because we hibernate a little at night, we are cool (36°C) just before rising in the morning; after revving our engines all day, we are hot at night (38°C). A fever is a pathologic state reflecting a systemic inflammatory process. The core temperature is > 38°C but rarely > 40°C.
Parotid Tumors
65 PAROTID TUMORS
Joyesh K. Raj M.D., William R. Nelson M.D.
1. What is the differential diagnosis of a mass located in front of the ear in a patient of any age?
Show answer
If the mass is painless, discrete, nontender, and located just anterior or just beneath the ear lobe, a parotid tumor is the first choice. The differential diagnosis for other isolated masses include parotitis, primary salivary neoplasm, upper jugular chain node enlargement, tumor of the tail of the submandibular gland, enlarged preauricular or parotid lymph node, branchial cleft cyst, epithelial inclusion cyst, or any mesenchymal neoplasm. Diffuse unilateral enlargement of the parotid gland indicates parotid duct obstruction that can either be persistent or intermittent because of calculi in the main duct. Bilateral diffuse enlargement may be caused by systemic conditions such as mumps, starch-eaters disease, and fatty infiltration.
Breast Masses
61 BREAST MASSES
Christina A. Finlayson M.D.
1. What are the three parts of breast screening that assist in the early diagnosis of breast cancer?
Show answer
Breast self-examination (BSE) should begin at age 20 years and should be performed monthly. The breast is usually easiest to examine on the days immediately after the menstrual cycle. BSE can be frustrating to patients, particularly when they have fibrocystic changes, because they are not certain what they are feeling or supposed to feel. The BSE technique should be taught early and reinforced regularly. Women who regularly perform BSE present with tumors 1 cm or smaller more frequently than women who do not perform BSE. BSE has yet to translate into a survival benefit, however. Some women are spooked by repetitive false-positive findings. These women need to rely on their physicians to perform a breast examination once a year.
