BONUS QUESTIONS

13. In certain countries, TCC is not the predominant form of bladder cancer. What is the predominant histologic type? Why?

Show answer
In countries such as Egypt, where schistosomiasis is endemic, squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder is common.

14. Can any markers be used to help predict the prognosis of TCC?

Show answer
The p53 tumor suppressor protein may be helpful in assessing the biologic behavior of the tumor and can assist with treatment option decisions. Monoclonal antibody MIB-1 may also be useful in predicting outcome for stage T2 or grade 2 tumors.

References
WEB SITE
http://www.transplantation-soc.org
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Greenlee RT, Hill-Harmon MB, Murray T, Thun M: Cancer statistics 2001. CA Cancer J Clin 51:15-36, 2001.
2. Herr HW, Bajorn DF, Scher HL: Can p53 help select patients with invasive bladder cancer for bladder preservation? J Urol 161:20, 1999.
3. Messing EM: Urothelial tumors of the urinary tract. In Walsh PC, Retik AB, Vaughan ED, et al (eds): Campbell’s Urology, 8th ed. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 2002, pp 2732-2784.
4. Resnick MI, Novick AC: Urology Secrets, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Hanley & Belfus, 1999.