BONUS QUESTIONS

11. Is there any type of stone that cannot be seen on helical CT scan?

Show answer
Patients taking indinavir sulfate (Crixivan) for HIV infection can form stones from the crystals of the medication; these stones are not seen on CT scan.

12. What toxic substance can be produced by using the holmium:YAG laser on uric acid stones?

Show answer
Cyanide is produced from the uric acid. Although this sounds frightening, it is never a problem.

References
WEB SITE
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Menon M, Resnick M: Urinary lithiasis: Etiology, diagnosis and medical management. In Walsh PC, Retik AB, Vaughan ED, Wein AJ et al (eds): Campbell’s Urology, 8th ed. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 2002, pp 3229-3305.
2. Teichman JM, Vassar GJ, Glickman RD: Holmium: YAG lithotripsy photothermal mechanism converts uric acid calculi to cyanide. J Urol 160:320-324, 1998. Medline Similar articles Full article